Cat infusion
Infusion therapy for common cat diseases must see for pets! Infusion therapy is very common, oral medicine may be convenient, but the effect may not be so fast, and the effect of infusion is often The most common one is the lack of body fluids after heatstroke in cats, which requires the supplementation of normal saline. However, some serious diseases and inflammations must be treated with infusion supplemented by oral drugs.
Infusion is significant for correcting electrolyte imbalance, acid-base balance, and body fluid balance. The infusion can delay the disease, and prolonging the life is of great significance to win the treatment time. The infusion indications are very wide, including the following aspects: 1. correct body fluid balance; 2. correct electrolyte balance; 3. correct acid-base balance; 4. maintain normal osmotic pressure; 5. adjust blood volume by bleeding; 6. diarrhea; 7. vomiting; 8. polyuria; 9. Shock; 10. provide energy and drugs. But the test should be carried out before the infusion not to affect the test results.
Intravenous infusion is the most commonly used and most effective method of rehydration. The main site is the veins of the extremities, preferably the small saphenous vein of the hind limbs, which is located on the inner side of the lower leg. The tail vein can also be used, but it is more complicated. The drugs used for intravenous rehydration are mostly sugar saline, normal saline, or normal compound saline. Other drugs can be added according to the situation. The general dosage should be controlled at 25-50 ml per kilogram of body weight, and the speed should not exceed 20-25 drops per minute. Usually once a day, in severe cases, 2 to 3 times a day. Second, there are different approaches for different symptoms.
I. Diabetic ketoacidosis infusion
1. The first choice is to infuse 0.9% normal saline or Ringer’s solution
2. When the animal has polyuria, 10% KCL solution was added since potassium ion is heavily depleted and insulin reduces serum potassium ion concentration.
3. At the same time, lose the appropriate 5% sodium bicarbonate.
II. Infusion of liver disease animals
1. Dilute Ringer’s solution and 5% glucose solution one by one, and combine with potassium ion for supplementary administration.
2. Do not use stored blood or plasma, as they can cause hepatic encephalopathy.
3. Avoid using lactated Ringer’s solution as much as possible because lactate dehydrogenase needs to be processed in the liver. Converted to bicarbonate, a process blocked in severe liver disease.
Three, heart disease animal infusion
1. The first choice is a 5% glucose solution infusion to avoid excessive sodium ions and increase the burden on the heart.
IV. Transfusion in animals with pancreatitis and peritonitis
1. Lose balanced electrolyte solution (0.9% normal saline. 5% sugar saline, compound saline, etc.) and potassium ions must be supplemented.
2. If the total protein drops below 40 g/L, transfuse plasma, albumin, or dextran.
V. Infusion for animals with severe diarrhea
1. Choose lactated Ringer’s solution or Ringer’s solution + 5% NaHCO3 solution (to correct acidosis)
2. When the animal produces urine, infuse 10% potassium chloride.
3. If hypoalbuminemia occurs, transfuse plasma, albumin, globulin, or dextran.
VI. Transfusion in animals with acute and chronic renal failure
1. Do not lose a solution containing potassium ions at first to avoid the formation of iatrogenic hyperkalemia.
2. Animals with chronic renal failure are usually accompanied by hypokalemia, so Ringer’s solution + 10% is preferred for infusion KCl solution.
VII. Infusion of hypovolemic and hemorrhagic shock animals
1. Choose an isotonic electrolyte solution (0.9% normal saline, Ringer’s solution) and hypertonic fluid (5% sugar saline).
2. If HCT drops to less than 20%, then transfuse whole blood or backlog cells.
3. If TP drops to 40 g/L, transfuse plasma, albumin, or dextran.
4. When azotemia occurs, especially when oliguria or serum potassium ion concentration cannot be measured, transfusion of potassium-free solution.
VIII. Infusion of animals with severe vomiting
1. The first choice is 0.9% normal saline or Ringer’s solution, and 5% sugar saline can also be infused.
2. From the initial polyuria, add 10% KCl solution.
Nine, heat stroke animal infusion
1. Heat stroke is typical hypertonic dehydration (plasma hypertonicity and high sodium, water loss is greater than sodium loss, and water is lost through respiration).
2. The infusion should be based on water supplementation, supplemented by sodium supplementation. Choose 5% glucose solution or 5% glucose solution and 0.9% normal saline for infusion in a ratio of 1:1.
X. Animal infusion of pleural effusion
1. Drainage of inflammatory exudate from the thoracic and abdominal cavity and repeated medical treatment such as pleural and ascites discharge.
2. Isotonic fluid (0.9% saline, Ringer’s solution) is preferred because it belongs to isotonic dehydration.
Notes:
The infusion rate should not be too fast, the infusion volume should not be too large, the heartbeat and breathing of the cat should be closely monitored, and the clinical manifestations of the cat should be paid attention to at any time. When infusing a frail cat, the infused liquid should be heated in a water bath, which can be heated to the cat’s body temperature for infusion. And keep the surrounding environment quiet and warm to avoid bad stimulation to the cat. When the cat has vomiting or other uncomfortable symptoms, the infusion rate should be reduced, the infusion should be stopped if necessary, and corresponding treatment measures should be taken.
