I. Symptoms and characteristics of paratyphoid fever in rabbits
The natural host of Salmonella is very It is widespread, and animals such as mammals, reptiles, and birds can carry the bacteria, as can rodents and flies. Rabbit paratyphoid fever is highly contagious, and rabbits are susceptible to the disease regardless of their age, sex or breed. The main natural infection route of the disease is the digestive tract, and rabbits develop the disease after eating contaminated feed and drinking water. In addition, the disease can also be caused by infection when the rabbit’s umbilical cord is severed. Poor feeding and management, climate change, poor sanitation or suffering from other diseases may cause the Salmonella parasitic in the intestines of rabbits to take the opportunity to multiply and increase their virulence, resulting in the disease of rabbits.
The incubation period of paratyphoid fever in rabbits is 3 to 5 days, and a few rabbits suffering from acute salmonellosis die suddenly without any symptoms. Most rabbits suffering from this disease will show: lack of energy, decreased appetite or refusal to eat, increased body temperature, diarrhea, foamy mucus in the feces and other symptoms. Messy and lacklustre. Pregnant female rabbits suffering from this disease can cause miscarriage. The vaginal mucosa of the sick pregnant rabbits is flushed, hyperemia, edema, and viscous or purulent secretions flow out of the vagina. The fetus in the abdomen is weak and will die soon. The mortality rate of female rabbits after abortion is high, and even if they are lucky enough to recover, they are not easy to conceive.
2. Prevention and control measures for rabbit paratyphoid fever
1. The main preventive measure for rabbit paratyphoid fever is to prevent susceptible rabbits from contacting the source of infection. The breeder should pay attention to expel the rodents and flies in the rabbit farm in time, and remove the transmission medium. In addition, keep the rabbit’s feed and drinking water, bedding, rabbit house, rabbit cage, utensils, etc. clean to avoid pollution.
2. Vaccination. Before pregnancy and early pregnancy, inject 0.8ml of Salmonella typhimurium inactivated aluminum hydroxide vaccine into the female rabbit, subcutaneously or intramuscularly. This immunization measure can effectively control the occurrence of paratyphoid fever in rabbits.
3. Once a rabbit is found to suffer from this disease, pay attention to isolate and eliminate the sick rabbit in time, and at the same time use 2% caustic soda water or 3% Lysol to disinfect the rabbit cage, rabbit house and utensils. In addition, people who have been in contact with sick rabbits should also pay attention to disinfection.
Third, the treatment of paratyphoid fever in rabbits
1. Antibiotics Therapy: a. Intramuscular injection of chloramphenicol: 2ml of chloramphenicol was injected into the sick rabbit each time, twice a day, for 3 to 4 days. Or orally, 20-50 ml per kg body weight, once a day, for 3-4 consecutive days; b. Intramuscular injection of oxytetracycline: 40 mg per kg body weight per day, divided into 2 injections , continuous injection treatment for 3 days. Oral dosage: 100-200 mg orally per sick rabbit per day, divided into 2 times a day for oral administration, and continued to let the sick rabbit take orally for 3 days; c. Intramuscular injection of streptomycin: 0.1-0.2 g per sick rabbit per day, divided into 2 injections, continuous injection treatment for 3 to 4 days. Oral dosage: 0.1～0.5g orally for each sick rabbit, twice a day, for 3～4 days.
2. Sulfonamide therapy: 1. Treat with succinyl sulfathiazole, 0.1-0.3 g per kg body weight per day, divided into 2 to 3 times for oral administration; 2. Use sulfamidine drug treatment, 0.1 g per kg body weight ～0.2g, divided into 2 times a day for 3 consecutive days; 3. Use sulfamethazine drug treatment, 0.2～0.3g per kg body weight, once a day for 5 consecutive days.
3. Garlic therapy: Clean and smash an appropriate amount of garlic, add an appropriate amount of garlic and water in a ratio of 1:5 to make 20% garlic juice, and let each sick rabbit each time. Take 5ml orally, 3 times a day for 5 consecutive days.
