Note: Only these two areas of the dog’s body are prone to excessive keratinization. The keratinization of one area does not affect the other, and both areas can become keratinized simultaneously.
Nose
Excessive keratinization of the nose can impair the dog’s sense of smell, as it leads to dryness and lack of hydration. If left untreated, this condition can cause the skin to dry out completely, potentially leading to wounds and infections on the nose.
Paws
Excessive keratinization on the paws can affect a dog’s ability to walk, potentially causing limping and reduced activity. A lack of exercise can result in further health issues for the dog, so it’s essential to address keratinization on the paws promptly. Similar to the nose, untreated keratinization can cause the skin to dry out, crack, and develop infections.
Causes of Excessive Keratinization
- Overproduction of Keratin: Keratin is the protein that makes up the outer layer of a dog’s skin. When the body produces too much keratin, it leads to excessive skin growth. This can be a side effect of canine distemper, a disease that can result in excessive keratinization of the nose.
- Zinc Deficiency: Some dogs have difficulty absorbing zinc naturally, which can cause excessive keratinization on the nose and paws.
- Hereditary Factors: Excessive keratinization can also be inherited. Data shows that hereditary hyperkeratosis often appears around one year of age. If your dog is over a year old and hasn’t developed this condition, it’s unlikely they will in the future.
- Breed Predisposition: Short-nosed breeds, such as French Bulldogs, English Bulldogs, and Pugs, are more prone to excessive keratinization. Long-nosed breeds like German Shepherds, Pomeranians, and Poodles can also be affected.
- Weak Immunity: Dogs with certain characteristics—such as a very short nasal cavity, smaller or larger size than peers, heavy bones, or obesity—may have weaker immune systems, making them more susceptible to excessive keratinization.
- Water Bowl Material: It’s recommended to use stainless steel or ceramic water bowls, as these materials are easy to clean and prevent bacteria buildup. Plastic bowls can harbor bacteria and, over time, may contribute to excessive keratinization in dogs.
Treatment for Excessive Keratinization
The first step is to take your dog to a veterinarian for a check-up and follow their treatment plan. Most veterinarians recommend applying Vaseline or similar moisturizing products regularly to keep the skin soft and hydrated. In severe cases, trimming the keratinized tissue may be necessary, either at home or by a professional.
Remember, there is currently no medication to cure excessive keratinization. The best approach is to manage the condition by keeping the affected areas moisturized with products like petroleum jelly or coconut oil.
